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August Christoph Carl Vogt (; ; 5 July 1817 – 5 May 1895) was a German scientist, philosopher, popularizer of science, and politician who emigrated to Switzerland. Vogt published a number of notable works on zoology, geology and physiology. All his life he was engaged in politics, in the German Frankfurt Parliament of 1848–49 and later in Switzerland.Andreas Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998, pp. 13, 15, 25, 160, 210, 254, 277, 289–90, 294–97, 355, 357, 377, 386–87, 393, 398–99, 418, 426, 430, 451, 456, 514–15, including a short biography.
Vogt was a proponent of scientific materialism and atheism,Spencer, Nick. Atheists: The Origin of the Species. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. eager to engage in public debates with philosophical and scientific opponents, such as in his work Köhlerglaube und Wissenschaft of 1855, which was reprinted four times the same year.
Vogt defended the theory of polygenist evolution; he rejected the monogenist beliefs of most Darwinists and instead believed that each race had evolved from a different type of ape.Colin Kidd, The forging of races: race and scripture in the Protestant Atlantic world, 1600-2000, 2006, p. 58. He wrote the Caucasian race was a separate species from Negroes. In Chapter VII of his Lectures on Man (1864), he compared the Negro to the White race and described them as “two extreme human types”. The differences between them, he claimed, are greater than those between two species of ape; and this proved that Negroes are a separate species from Whites.Gustav Jahoda, Images of savages: ancients sic roots of modern prejudice in Western culture, 1999, p. 83. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1869. He died in Geneva at the age of 77.
Years later, in 1870, with the fall of the Second Empire, French Republic under the Government of National Defense put up a " Commission chargée de réunir, classer et publier les papiers saisis aux Tuileries" ("Commission responsible for collecting, classifying and publishing the papers seized at the Tuileries") under the chairmanship of to publish the documents that survived the Tuileries Palace fire. In the published documents there was a list, prepared with the collaboration of André Lefèvre, that revealed some of the Bonapartism agents, among them, a man named Vogt: " Vogt (?). Il lui est remis, en août 1859, 40,000 fr." ("Vogt (?). He was given, in August 1859, 40.000 French franc.")
After this publication, this issue also was handled in German Marxist/social-democratic papers. Newspaper Der Volksstaat published these passages in April 15. In Der Volksstaat's May 10 issue, Engels, with his article "Abermals „Herr Vogt“" ("Once again on Herr Vogt") further commented on the identity of the person named as "Vogt (?)", and claimed it being Carl Vogt. Engels explained: in:
This revelation was later adapted by other Marxists and Marxology too, and since then being canonized. Marx's daughter, Eleanor Marx, in her biography of her father published after his death, also mentioned this affair.; reprinted in: This question was mentioned in numerous Marxist texts, notably, publications of Herr Vogt"Publisher's Foreword". New Park Publications. in: (1982). 9780902030985, New Park Publications. ISBN 9780902030985 or about Carl Vogt.
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